Chusetts



Aug. 11, 1925. 1 1,549,011

G. A. LOUD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 31, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 11, 1925. 1,549,01 1

G. A. LOU D INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGI NE Filed Jan. 51, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 EB [A n-1 Aug. 11, 1925.

G. A. LOUD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet wmw Aug. 11, 1925.

' G. A. LOUD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 fig Filed Jan. 31

Patented Ange 11, E825.

UNITE) 1,549,011 PATENT OFFiCE GEORGE A. LOUD, OF BOSTON. T/LASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO FRANK R. ND CLOHN BARRY, GOPAETNEBS BOTH OF BOSTON, MASSA- CHUSETTS.

INTERNfi L-C CREE BUSTION ENGINE,

Apgiication filed January 31, 1924. Serial No. 689,631.

To alt 10112 it may concern 7 it "sown that l. incline Loni), a

'. n of the U ited i -tales and a resident pinion, in the county of fihiilollt and I of Masszn-husettin ha e invented a new useful Improve-neat in latemail-Com- :tion Engines, of which the fallowinc is a specification.

My inveuticm relates to internal combus- H) iiUZhQIlQliMfi and more especially to such eag'jincs of the tun-stroke cycle type commoza known as two cvcle e re ines.

I iuy invention, generally r i116 construction and increase the i-iticiency of two cycle en :g'ines.

i particular object of my invention is to ride air; for (enrolling the flow of :oiahustible mix '0 from its source to rrion oi a cfvlindcr and thence to anportion oi the same cylinder or to i crlinder without the use oi cam aci salvo-s commonly employer tor this pnrposty the said means ("OlEHiSilLljf in a bah 2111"" l slide ralrc preferably! hollow, which is pro 'ideil with a pluraliiy of ports arand to co-operate with ports in a pair my nvention is H) eaas wherein the c ns mixture he so thorontrhli' "rated diiringr it source to the combustion nracicrlly complete combos czirlfoniiialion may he cii'cctcil. comprising" 11 arrangement of why said mixture is pro-conithen expanded and iinallr (one i jlc combustion chamber for i l ther r b iects of my inrcur from the 'l'ollo if): detailed alive emoosliment ot' f-going hjects in view my its preferred form comprises a o I having a hollow valve h znacr come 'on thereto, said chamher be- 1151 proxided with three sets of ports communicating with each oi the cvlinders, viz, *ai at lfll'ill-{Q ports; arranged substantiall midwav between the ends o'l said chanii am a vol: of ports near the lower cud therercccix'ing' from the rcsiiec ire cylingae 'rassoiis mixtu e at" "prc-cmnprcssion. a d a s J of ports nea i s upper end for ransferring said mixtureto the respeccombustion chambers of said cylinders,

and a valve in said chamber arranged to z'onirol the flow of the mixture through the cating Valve, preterably hollow common to hoth cylinders, and adapted in its movement n one direction to permit the admission of the mixture to the combustion chamber of r no cylinder and in its movement in the opposite direction to the combustion chamber it the other cylinder.

My invention comprises also an arrangement whereby the force of the explosion is neutrali'iicd with respect to the said reciprocatit valve. the latter being provided with a portion having a reduced external diamter registeringwith the combustion chainhe port daring); explosion so that the ellect of the explosion is exerted equally on all port ons of said valve provided with the annular peripheral depression and no injuri- Us effect is produced by said explosion up on the valve or upon the wall of its chambe?" My invention cons ts also in various novel 'catures oi construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described i narticulaixy pointed out in the appended, claims.

in the drawings which accompany and "form a part of this specification and illusthe preferred embodiments of my in crntion Figure l is a central vertical s ction of l ,c 3 is a vertical elevation taken on z'hc line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3. 4- and 6 are horizontal sections tail-Len on the lines 3 3, 4-43 5--5, (i--53 respcctirclv, of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 s a fragmentary vertical section showing the positions of the pistons and the valve when the latter is approaching the limit of ila upward movement;

Fig. 8 tra rincntary vertical section showiuiij the positions or the pistons and valve when the latter is in its highest posiii 1 Fig 9 is a 'l'rag'mcntary vertical section wi:.o' he positions of the pistons and the alv when the latter is approaching the limit o ifs downward movement;

Fig. '10 is a fragmentary vertical section Eli showingthe positions of the pistons and the valve. when the latter is in its lowestposition;

Figs. 11 to 14 are diagrams indicating the positions-of the various cranks when the pistonsand valve are in the positions shown in Figs. 7 to 10, respectively;

Figs. 15 and 16 are horizontal sections taken on the lines 15-15 and l616, respectively of Fig. 10;

Fig-1? is a. fragmentary vertical section of a modification showing. the positions of the pistons and valve when the. latter is in its highest position Eig. 18. is a fragmentary vertical section of said modification showingthe positions ottlie pistons and valve when the latter is in its lowest position.

In. theuparticulardrawings selected tor more fully disclosing my inventionQO is one wall. of a crank casing, the other wali being omitted for the purposeof simplifying the drawings, and in this connection it will be understood of course that while it have shown a two-cylinder engine, my invention is applicable. to an engine having two or more pairs of cylinders such as illustrated in Fig. 1, and that the illustration of .such an engine would. be a mere duplication of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.. It is to be understoodnlso that the principle oi: my invention .may be embodied in a single-cylinder engine,except in the case oi the modification shown in F 17 and 18.

A pair of cylinders 21, 22 are bolted to the crank casing and are provided with pistons 23, 24., respectively, each provided with a tubular extension 25,26 to which are articulated at 25, 26. the connecting rods 27, 2S

: journalled on the cranks 29, 30 of the crank shaft 31 which has its bearings in the easing 20.

A-suitablew-ater jacket 32iis provided, said jacket surrounding the cylinders and the valve chamber 33 which is intermediate the, two cylinders and common thereto, and in which is arranged to reciprocate a tubular, valve i 34:, the lower end of which is articulated at 34: to the. connecting rod 35 journalledon.the crank 36 arranged at right angles to the maincranks 29., 30, which, as shown, arel80 degrees apart.

The foregoing elements constitute the only moving parts of. my improved engine, and itwili benoted that said, parts are seven only in number, viz, two cylinders, a slide valve, three comiecting rods and a crank shait.

Each pistondivides its cylinder into two portions the explosion chambers 37, 38 at theupper end and the mix'ng chambers 35), 4:0 betweenthe lower face oi? the pistons and the top 41 of the crank casing which closes the cylinders at the lower ends thereof.

The explosion chamber 37 is provided with a set of ports 4:2 shown in thepresent instance as four in number, and the valve cating by the passage as with the ports 44:"

in the valve chamber 33, the said ports 4st being staggered with respect to the ports n.

it is through these ports that the gas in the mixing chamber after being. pre-compressed passes tothe interior of the valve 34.

In like manner the combustion chamber 38 has a set of ports/i6 communicating by the downwardly inclined passageway 4:7

with the ports L6 in the valve chamber and being staggered with respect thereto; and the mixing chamber 41-0 has a setot ports as communicating by the passage 49 with the ports 48? in the valve chamber, the ports 4C8 and 4-8 being out of alignment. Intermediate the ends of the valve chamber an inlet passage 50 is provided for the mixture and communicates with the mixing chamber 39 by the ports 51 in the valve chamber, the passageway and the ports 51. in said mixing chamber, the said ports 50, 51 being staggered. The said passageway 50 con 'municates with the mixing chamber it) by way of the ports 53 in the valve chamber passageway 54 and the ports 537 in said mixing chamber, the said ports 53, 58 being staggered.

The cylinders 21, 22 are provided with a plurality oi exhaust ports 55, 56 respectively, intermediate their ends, said ports communicating with'the chambers 57, 58 and the discharge openings 59, 60.

The reciprocating hollow valve 34 is pro vided with four sets of ports, viz, the ports 61 arranged to register with the ports l2 in the valve casing,the ports (32 arranged to register with the ports t6 in the valve casing, the ports 63 arranged to register with the ports 44- in the valve casing, and the ports (iii arranged to register with the ports 48 in the valve casing, and as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, each member of each set of ports in the valve 34 is staggered with respect to the ports with which it registers in the valve chamber, and as above pointed out, the latter are staggered respectively with respect to the ports with which they communicate in the mixing chambers and combustion chaniibei's,-'for example, the three ports 63 in the valve are out of alignment with the three ports 41%" in the valve chamber. and

said ports A. are out of alignment with the til) ports let in the mixing chamber end of the cylinder 21.

By means of this arrangement the passage of the gas under pressure from the mixing chamber to the interior of the valve, and from the interior of the valve to the combustion chamber, :auses a violent agitation of the same which results in the pructic; lly complete mixing of the hydrocarbon i -cl, and air. FttiiQITllOl'E the int 1 i: the valve 37 t l ditterent diameters diti'erent points forming shoulders against which the mixture strilaes during its passage therethrough, thereby assisting in the agitation ot the mixture as it forced from the mixing to the combustion chambers.

The valve is provided with two portioi s having reduced external diameters thereby forming the annuier peripheral ilfiplth'isiiflirs 65 and 36. The depression {35 located miday between the ports (51 and 652 is in comiuu ation with the combustion c .nhcrs, re pcctively. at ignition by 'ay of the ports 42', 4:6" andtl1e1"ore tha- )L'! e zesr from explosion will be exerted equally on every part of the surface of said (lGPl'GSSlOii, and will have therefore no injurious ellect on said valve which is perfectly balanced. or on the walls of the valve c length 01 the annular dcpm shown slightly less than the distance 1 *all at the port 42 and tween the lower the upper wal of the art lb in order to prevent bacl; firing from one explosion chamher to the other.

The depression 66 is at all times in communication with the intake ports 51, 53 so that at the proper times the mixture may be drawn into the mixing chambers by way t tl e inlet passage 50, around the out ide of the valve Set by of sa d depression and thence through said ports 51,

The cycle and operation are as toliowez- The valvular pistons 23, Q-il. alternate the colnprt ion of the fuel charge in the i'oir' ng chau'ibers i and the release oi the waste gases in the working portion oi" the cylinder through the exhaust ports 55, 5th the inlet ports 5t, 53 through the walls ol inders admitting a supply of i re to the upper ends oi' the mining 539, ll), res ectively, to be partly es ed and mixed therein by the downwri. movement or the piston ant said gaseons niil it e u ter such prccompression being conducted t'rom said mixing chambers to the combustion chambers to be further compressed by the movement of the piston in the opposite direction.

rue tour eratioiis o5 :ulinision. coinssiou. explosion and exhaust which con to the we .ing cycle are performed during one revolution.

l icrrine; to Figures 1, and 7 showing the ons oi? the moving parts when the valve near its upper limit of movement, a partial vacuum has been created in the mining chamber 2 by the up-strolie, o the piston 23 and as soon as the intake ports 51 are uncovered by said piston, a charge of gas is admitted into said mixing chamber by way of the inta -ie passage 50, the annular depres sion on in the pe *iphery ot' the valve 34-, the ports 51 in the valve chamber 53, the passageway 52 and the ports 5i.

In l and 7, ignition having occurred in combustion chamber S? of cylinder 21, p ston 23 is desc nding, and as soon as the ports ii are covered by said piston, the gaseous charge admitted as aforesaid in the mixing chamber 3-39 will be compresseth the a aviuuun compression occurring of course when, said piston is in its lowermost position when the crani; 29 is at lower dead cen tcr, a few degrees before the position shown in Figs. 9 and '13, and then shortly before said crank arrives at the position shown in it, the ports (53 in the valve begin their I'QglStltllJlOIl with the ports it in the valve chamber so that the charge which has slightly expanded owing to the upward movement of the piston but which is still under high pressure, escapes from the mixing chamber 39 by way of the ports at, passageway 15, ports 4- and 63 into the interior of said valve 31-, and thence into the combustion chan'ibcr 257 by way of the ports 61 in said valve, the ports -12 in the alve chamberi the passageway 4.3 and the ports 42 in said combustion chamber (see Figs. and 16). its the crank continues its countercloclcwise rotation the piston 23 continues its ascent and the v ascous mixture admitted as at'oresaid to the combustion chamber 237 is compressed, the port (31 moving out of register wi h the port 42, and such compression continues until the said crank reaches upper dead center, whereupon or shortly before or thereafter. ignition occurs, the annular peripheral depression in the valve 3st forming a part of the combustion chamber during aavplosion.

Near the end oi the explos on or power stroke the exhaust ports 55 are uncovered and the products of combustion escape therei'iu'ough and pass out through the chamber and passage 59. i

it desired the several ports 3 may be ar- "anged to register with the ports 44', and the ports (51 to register with the ports 42 at r about the time the piston in in 3 ure 9 showing the posiarts when the valve is near its lower limit of movement, a partial va uum has been ;"63:t3(l in the :i-hambei ill by the i one ct the piston and as soon as the intake ports 53 are "uncoveredby rid piston, a charge oi gas is ignition having occurred in combustion chamber 38 ot cylinder 22, piston 24 is de scending, and as soon as the ports 58 are covered by said piston, the gaseous charge admitted as aforesaid in the mixing; chamber will be oompr u ed, the maximum compression oc irring oi course when said piston is in its lowermost position when the crank at lower dead center, a few de grees before the position shown in Figs. 7 and 11, and then shortly before said crank arrives at the position shown in Fig. 2, the ports (i l in thevalve begin their registration with the ports 48 in the valve chamber so that the charge which has been slightly N anded owing to the upwr d movemei'it oi? the piston 24: but which is still under high pressure, escapes from the mixing chamber v 140 by way of the ports l8, passageway 49,

ports 4:8" and 64 into the interior of said valve 849, and thence into the combustion chamber 38 by way of the ports 62in said valve, the ports 4-6 in, the valve chamber, the passageway and the ports in said combustion chamber (see 8).

its the crank continues its counterclockwise rotation, the piston 24 continues its ascent and the gaseous mixture admitted as aforesaid to the combustion chamber 38 is compressed, the port 62 moving out register with the port 46, and such comprcssion continues until the crank reaches upper dead center, whereupon or shortly be "fore or thereafter, ignition occurs, the annular peripheral depression in the valve 3% forming a part of the combustion chamber during explosion.

Near the end of the explosion or power stroke the exhaust ports are uncovered and the products of combustion escape therethrough and pass out througlii the chamber and passage Ii desired the several ports G t may be arranged to register with the ports 48, and the ports 62 to register with the ports $6 at or about the time the piston 24: is uncovering the exhaust ports so that a certain amount of pneumatic scavenging may be eii'ected bv the incoming charge, and in such case said exhaust ports 56 will be closed by the up stroke of the piston before the fresh charge or any appreciable portion thereof has escaped.

In the modification shown in Figs. 17 and 18,the gas after pro-compression in a mix- "cad at being transferred to n chamber of the same cylinir ii rred to the combustion cham-- of the other cylinder by means of the ample expedient of shifting; the positions ot the ports (38, {i to the right and leit, respectively, as shown at 62:3, 64: in Figs; 17 and 18, although, as will be obvious this result may be etieoted by other means.

The cycle and operation of the engine shown in Figs. 1'? and 18 is as follows:

A. ch ot gas is drawn into the mixing chamber .fi} near the end of the up stroke of the piston 23 in the manner already explained, anl sin'iultaneously with this on oration a cl .irge of gas is compressed in the combustion chamber 3? and is ignited therein, whereupon said piston descends, and i in its arrival at a position slightly above that shown in Fig. 17, the valve 34 moving upwardly brings its port 6 into registration with the port 44- and its port (52 into "istration with the port 46'. The piston continuing its power stroke forces the time precoinpressed in the mixing chain- 339 through the ports it, passage as and a l and (3% into the interior of the valve 3 t and then through the port 62 in said valve, the port it in the valve chamber, the passage LT, and the port l6 in the combustion chamber 38 of the cylinder 22,, in which combustion chamber said n'iixture is compressed by the up stroke of the piston 2 k as soon as the port 4:6 is closed by the downward movement of the valve.

ii charge oi drawn into the mixing chamber it) near the end of the up stroke ot' the piston 2 in the manner already eX- plaincd, and simultaneously with this operation a charge of gas is compressed in the combustion chamber 38 and is ignited there in, whereupon said piston descends, and upon its arrival at a position shghtly above that shown in Fig. 18, the valve 3 1: moving downwardly brings its port 63 into registration with the port 48 and its port 61 into registration with the port 4-2. The piston 2 L continuing its power stroke forces the mixture precompresscd in the mixing chamber 40 throu- 'h the ports 48, passage 49 and ports 48 and 63 into the interior of the valve and then through the port 61 in said valve, the port L2 in the valve chamber, the passage 4&3 and port 42 in the combustion chamber 37 of the cylinder 21, in which combustion chamber said mixture is recompressed by the up stroke of the piston 23 as soon as the port 422 is closed by the upward movement of the valve.

Having; thus described illustrative emiments of my invention without however ting; the same thereto, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. An internal combustion engine comprising" in combination, a cylinder, a piston charge in said cxplos f t llfi ex: losion .;v)il cnnine co:n combination a r v'linder, a piston n ne thc in and diriili iil cvlindcr into a j and an QT} l n chaniher, a cranl; sh: it ope irl' said piston,

l combo.

l by

a valve -l1an1lx r a timma rave in sa d. chamber cooperating; \Yllll the ff'zlS iced and an exterior the teed ports: i l a second annular recess as a formed with register with rhainher and bore of said valve bein int invited and adapted to intercoinnun ii are with the mixin and explosion chambers and means for igniting the gas charge in said explosion chamber.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination, a power shaft, a pair of co-operatinp; c vlinders, valvular pistons therefor which divide the c vlinders to create in cal-h a mixing chamber and an explosion chaznbcn said pistons being; adapted to open the teed ports for inflow oil? gas to the mixing chambers upon completion ol the compression stroke and to release the exhaust gases from the explosion chambers on the mixing stroke, a tubular valve connecting with a gas supply common to said cylinders and equipped with a plurality of i ls interconncminn the said mixing and xp osion (Fllllllllfll'hf on the mixing stroke,

'nbnlz r valve connecting with a eras supply ohm n said cvlini'lcrs and equipped with aii v o't norts intcrconnccting the said i :znal e:-;plosion chambers of the same v indium the ports on one side 01 said valve out oi alincnicnt with those on the to side thercot" cooperating 1ncChaactuate the valve and move said in un on to permit the ens to pass :1 the bore of the valve first from the chamber oi one cylinder to the exp1 lion rhz nbcr oi' the ime cylinder and than roin the llllXlZlt." c1 nher ot' the other t'k'llll ill to '1 s explosion chamber, and means tor ignitingthe as charge in the explosion ch snbcr.

t. in internal combustion engine connprisinn' in combination, a cylinder having a set )i ports a valve chamber having a set of ports coininunicnting' with the ports in said cylinden each port ot one set being Sif l'iftlfll with respect, to the ports of the other and a valve in said valve chamber tor controllin n the ports therein.

:in internal combustion engine comprising in combination. a cylinder having" a s t of ports, a valve chamber having a set of ports connnui'iirating with the ports in said cylinder. each port of one set being staggered with respect to the ports of the other set and a hollow valve in said valve chamber for controlling; the ports therein, said hello valve having a set oi ports, each member of which is staggered with respect to the ports of the other two sets.

Tn testimony \vhcreoli I have hereunto subscribed in name this 17th day of Deccniber, 1923.

GEORGE A. LOUD. 

